Search Results

Brad Carter, Jonti Horner, Stephen Marsden, Ian Waite, Duncan Wright, and John Kielkopf Telescope domes or enclosures at Mt Kent Observatory in August 2015. From left, the astrodome fibreglass version of the “Webb" dome (probably with a 16-inch (40-cm) Meade LX200 telescope), the octagonal “O’Mara” enclosure (probably with a Paramount ME robotic telescope mount with a Takahashi wide-field camera provided by Shared Skies), the dome (also known as the Louisville dome) of the Shared Skies CDK700 telescope, and finally the dome (Arthur Page dome) of the Shared Skies CDK20 telescope at the far right. The last two are housed in Sirius Observatories fibreglass domes, made in Queensland. Due to the difficult nature of the black soil on the site, each of the four telescope sites has deep and substantive concrete foundations reaching the local bedrock. Photo Nick Lomb July 2026 marks thirty years since the official opening of Mt Kent Observatory in Queensland, and from humble beginnings the facility has become a world-class Australian facility for exoplanet science and related research. The flyer for the opening event in July 1996 notes that astronomy at Mount Kent Observatory has its origins in the early 1970's when Dr Phil Dobney took up the position of Head of Physics at what was then the Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education (DDIAE) in Toowoomba, and arranged for the purchase of a 14-inch (35-cm aperture) Celestron telescope on a portable tripod. In 1978, the family of the late Mr Bertram Webb donated a metal dome (a reworked water tank) that he had built locally. Once reconditioned, this dome was installed on campus. During the 1980s, local light pollution became an increasing challenge, and a search was undertaken to find an alternative site. In this task, and in advancing the cause of astronomy at the institution in its early days, the key contributions of Mr Ken Mottram, the physics lab manager, and physicist, and later Dean of Science, Dr Hugh Avey, are noted. A scan from the invitation to Mt Kent Observatory’s official opening showing the telescope enclosures on site in 1996. The communications tower in the background makes for an unusual feature of the hilltop site but has not impacted any of the scientific research observations. A hilltop site at Mount Kent was identified as being conveniently and cost-effectively meeting the requirements for a university astronomy facility, and the present 1.6 hectare site was leased from a local landowner, with the Webb dome being moved on site in 1990. A telecommunications tower not far from the observatory compound does make for an unusual feature of the hilltop site, but has never impacted any of the research observations made, and conversely is the reason the site offered existing road, power and communications infrastructure. In 1992, the Educational Development Group, a Toowoomba-based charity, provided funds for the construction of a demountable lecture room/instrumentation building, and this was officially opened at Mt Kent in 1995 by Dr Robyn Williams of ABC Science Show fame. In the meantime, in 1988 Ken Mottram and Dr Arthur Page met at an astronomy conference in New Zealand, and the idea was born that there should be astronomical collaboration between the DDIAE and the University of Queensland (UQ). Arthur Page was a highly respected amateur astronomer engaged in professional astronomical research work, and the recipient of an Honorary Doctorate from UQ. Astronomical Society of Australia members would also note that his name endures today through the society’s Berenice and Arthur Page Medal. This collaborative approach was supported by the UQ astronomers of the day, Drs Jim O’Mara and John Ross, as well as physicist and the incoming Head of the Department of Physics, Professor John Mainstone. In 1990, the DDIAE transitioned first to the University College of Southern Queensland, a college of the University of Queensland, before becoming the University of Southern Queensland and known as “USQ” in 1992. In 1993 an agreement was signed for collaboration and resulted in Mt Kent Observatory being officially opened on 10 July 1996, by Prof Don Mathewson, a notable former Queenslander, who was previously Director of the Australian National University’s Mt Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories. Mt Kent Observatory was unveiled to a large contingent of invited guests as part of the “PEP5” conference - the Fifth Conference on Photoelectric Photometry (PEP5), held at the USQ Toowoomba campus 7-11 Jul 1996, and known as a “Trans Tasman” joint Australia/New Zealand meeting. When opened, the Mt Kent site comprised the spacious EDG facilities building, and three telescopes nearby in new and widely separated (and symmetrically located) enclosures, as shown in the photograph above taken from the invitation to the event. Conference photo from The Proceedings of the 5th Trans-Tasman Photoelectric Photometry Conference July 1996 (often abbreviated as PEP5) published in the Australian Journal of Astronomy, Volume 6 November 1996 p. 264. Front row starting from the left side: Martin Porter (UQ student at the time supervised by Jim O'Mara), Ian Waite (currently Adjunct Research Fellow UniSQ), Brad Carter (UniSQ), Arthur Page, Mike Bessell (Mt Stromlo), Dave Crawford (founder of what is now DarkSky International), Vis Visanathan (Mt Stromlo) and John Davis (University of Sydney). Other attendees included second row from right, Elaine Sadler (now Professor of Astrophysics, University of Sydney), John Perdrix (publisher of the Australian Journal of Astronomy) and Col Bembrick (geologist and amateur astronomer). At the left rear, Fred Watson (Astronomer-in-Charge of the Anglo-Australian Observatory). When opened, Mt Kent Observatory hosted the following equipment: (1) The 1970s vintage 35-cm aperture Celestron “Webb Telescope”, but with a new fibreglass dome from Colin Blumson’s Astrodomes workshop on Queensland’s Sunshine Coast; (2) A dedicated new 35-cm “Robotic Telescope” that brought together a Celestron optical tube assembly, CCD camera, and a custom mount designed and constructed in-house at the University of Queensland (and inspired by other automated telescopes such as those at Fairborn Observatory in the USA). The telescope’s enclosure however has an unusual octagonal layout more reminiscent of large-aperture international optical telescopes, and was built by James Hardie industries (sans any asbestos it should be emphasised) in Brisbane, according to a design envisioned by Jim O’Mara, who also provided overall scientific and technical leadership for the Robotic Telescope’s development; (3) A 40-cm aperture Cassegrain “Tamborine Telescope” for high time resolution photoelectric photometry and donated in its original form by Arthur Page, to UQ, where its optics and mount were upgraded prior to installation at Mt Kent. The telescope carried the Tamborine name given that it was originally housed at Arthur Page’s golf course-adjacent Mt Tamborine Observatory, where it provided optical support for the flare star research of Australian radio astronomy pioneer Dr Bruce Slee at the CSIRO. At Mt Kent, the telescope also gained a new Astrodome enclosure. Interior shot of the Louisville dome with the Shared Skies CDK700 PlaneWave telescope, in August 2015. Photo Nick Lomb Since its opening in 1996, Mt Kent Observatory has evolved greatly, and today hosts multiple CDK700 0.7m robotic telescopes for the MINERVA-Australis exoplanet science and SONG asteroseismology arrays, with the two accompanying research spectrographs in a dedicated modern building, and with multiple Shared Skies Initiative instruments courtesy of a longstanding collaboration between UniSQ and the University of Louisville in the USA. Also on site is a space object monitoring capability operated remotely by the DLR, Germany’s space agency, and the latest addition to the site is the “RAPTOR” 0.8m Astrosysteme Austria telescope currently used for MINERVA-Australis observations. Mt Kent Observatory thus has infrastructure for a future of productive robotic and remote-access time-domain science for astronomy and space research, and can efficiently support research training, teaching and outreach programs as needed. In conclusion, it seems likely that Mt Kent Observatory will continue on its upward trajectory in making contributions in the years ahead towards Australia’s observational astronomy efforts and supporting the nation’s priorities in space research.

Here are some useful links to publications and papers: The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service provides a gateway to current and historic online Astronomy and Physics literature. The CSIRO's Historical Records of Australian Science includes the history of astronomy in Australia and New Zealand. The Royal Society of New South Wales Journal and Proceedings includes astronomy in its on-line historic database of papers and abstracts of doctoral theses. The index is available here. The Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage publishes refereed research papers, review papers, short communications, IAU reports, and book reviews on all aspects of astronomical history and heritage. The Journal for the History of Astronomy is devoted to the history of astronomy from earliest times to the present and to the broader cultural affiliations of astronomy. PUBLICATIONS LIST The following list is in date order (latest first). It is only the beginning of the resources the HAAC Chapter is creating to help researchers. Date: 2026 Author: De Grijs, R. Title: Mars in the Australian Press, 1875-1899: interpretation, authority and planetary science. Journal: Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 29(1). Link: doi:10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2026.01.10. Abstract (excerpt): In the late nineteenth century, Mars emerged as one of the most intensively reported astronomical objects in the popular press, driven by favourable oppositions, improved telescopic capabilities and growing speculation regarding planetary habitability. This paper examines how Mars was interpreted in Australian newspapers between the 1870s and 1899, focusing on the ways in which astronomical knowledge was framed, contextualised and debated within a colonial media environment. Drawing on a large collection of digitised newspaper articles from the National Library of Australia, this study analyses how observational authority, instrumental credibility and individual expertise were harnessed in press reporting. The paper situates Australian Mars coverage within a global network of scientific communication dominated by metropolitan centres in Europe and North America, while highlighting the distinctive role played by Southern-Hemisphere visibility. Australian observatories and observers—most notably Robert Ellery, Henry Russell and Walter Gale—were frequently positioned as contributors of confirmatory observation rather than interpretive leadership, reinforcing a pattern of locally grounded but internationally oriented scientific engagement. Date: 2026 Author: Stevenson, T., McMorrow, K. Title: Eclipsed but not forgotten: two lesser-known Australian expeditions to the 1922 total solar eclipse. Journal: Historical Records of Australian Science 37, HR25013. Link: https://doi.org/10.1071/HR25013 Abstract: When the centenary of the 1922 eclipse was celebrated in 2022, the focus was the absolute proof of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity achieved at Wallal in Western Australia by the Crocker expedition that had been led by William Campbell, the director of the Lick Observatory in California. This paper provides case studies of two lesser-known 1922 expeditions. The first case study is the Adelaide Observatory expedition to a remote sheep station called Cordillo Downs, located near the north-east corner of South Australia. This was the base for the expedition organised by South Australian Government Astronomer, George Dodwell. The second case study is that of the University of Sydney’s expedition to Goondiwindi in southern Queensland, organised by physics professor Oscar Ulrich Vonwiller under the auspices of New South Wales Government Astronomer, William Ernest Cooke. We examine how Adelaide Observatory and the University of Sydney prepared for the eclipse, organised instrument loans and brought together, and relied upon, people with different expertise, including First Nations people and two women scientists. Despite limited resources, preparation time and only minutes in which to perform total eclipse experiments and make observations, there were both successes and failures. We reveal British influence and the extent of the Australian Government’s involvement via a Commonwealth Eclipse Committee–one of the unique aspects of this eclipse. As well as referring to photographs and archival documents, this paper examines the instruments each party used and the glass plate negatives taken at Cordillo Downs to test General Relativity, and where they are now located. Date: 2025 Author: Watson F. Title: S. C. B. ‘Ben’ Gascoigne 1915–2010. Journal: Historical Records of Australian Science 36, HR24034. Link: https://doi.org/10.1071/HR24034 Abstract: Professor Sidney Charles Bartholomew Gascoigne AO, FAA (1915–2010) was an Aotearoa New Zealand-born astronomer whose distinguished career was carried out mostly in Australia. Known to all as Ben Gascoigne, his warm personality and many contributions to Australian optical astronomy made him a respected and much-loved elder statesman of the science. His work on the development and commissioning of the Anglo-Australian Telescope (opened in 1974) is held in particularly high regard. In retirement, Ben took on a new career, supporting his wife Rosalie as she found fame as one of Australia’s most prominent artists. Date: 2025 Author: Watson, F. Title: Celebrating a golden age Journal: Astronomy & Geophysics, Volume 66, Issue 1, February 2025, Pages 1.34–1.37, Link: https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atae085 Abstract: On its 50th anniversary, we revisit the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Date: 2025 Author: Hughes, N.J. Title: Louise Webster: Adelaide's Black Hole Pioneer Journal: Astronomical Society of South Australia Link: Abstract: Betty Louise Turtle (née Webster) was born 20th May 1941 and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. After gaining her Ph.D. Louise worked at the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux, Sussex. It was there in 1971 that she and Paul Murdin were the first astronomers to discover a black hole. After a stint in South Africa Louise returned to Australia, initially working at Siding Spring observatory and then moving in 1978 to the University of New South Wales as a tutor in the School of Physics. Louise published widely and her papers were often cited by other astronomers. In 1989 she was appointed head of the Department of Astrophysics and Optics. Louise died in 1990 and is buried in Adelaide. Despite her significant achievements Louise is not well known. This essay aims to correct this deficiency. Date: 2024 Author: Watson, F. Title: A telescope for a Golden Age. Journal: Australian Geographic, October 2024. Link: https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2024/10/a-telescope-for-a-golden-age/ Abstract: After a stellar 50 years as one of the country’s major scientific assets, the Anglo-Australian Telescope continues to play a major role in keeping Australian astronomy on the world stage. Date: 2024 Author/s: Wendt, H., George, M., Orchiston, W. Title: The history of early low frequency radio astronomy in Australia: Reber, Higgins and the mooted all-sky survey with the Shain Cross. Journal (publication): Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 27, 3, p.p. 655-673. Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024JAHH...27..655W Abstract: During the 1950s and 1960s, Australia was a world leader in the specialised field of low frequency radio astronomy, with two geographically distinct areas of activity. One was in the Sydney region run by the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics (RP), and the other was on the island of Tasmania to the south of the Australian mainland, undertaken by the radio astronomy pioneer Grote Reber, and researchers for the University of Tasmania. This paper deals with Reber's interactions with RP, his unpublished research based on observations taken by Charlie Higgins using the 19.7 MHz Shain Cross in August 1960 and Reber's unsuccessful efforts to lobby for RP to complete a southern sky survey using the Shain Cross. Tags: Radio Astronomy Date: 2024 Authors: Lomb, N., Orchiston, W., Jacob, A. Journal: Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. 157, part 2, 2024, pp. 173–190. ISSN 0035-9173/24/020173-18 Title: George Denton Hirst: a remarkable Sydney amateur astronomer. Abstract: Australian businessman George Denton Hirst was a prominent amateur astronomer for four decades. He was an observer at the 1874 transit of Venus, and he also successfully observed a transit of Mercury in 1894. He observed the planets Mars and Venus and made micrometric measurements of double stars. Thanks to his superb drawing skills, his drawings of Jupiter at opposition brought him to international prominence. Hirst joined a number of scientific societies, starting with the Royal Society of New South Wales, to which he enthusiastically contributed papers in astronomy and in another interest, microscopy. Not only did Hirst contribute papers, but he was always willing to serve on committees, as a member, as a secretary, as chair or as president. Date: 2023. Author/s: Fuller, R. S. and Hamacher, D. W. Title: The Astronomy of the Aboriginal Peoples of the Sydney Basin Book: Essays on Astronomical History and Heritage. A Tribute to Wayne Orchiston on his 80th Birthday. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2023, pp. 635-659 Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023eahh.book..635F Abstract: We present results of a preliminary study of the astronomical knowledge and traditions of the seven major Aboriginal language groups in the Sydney Basin. We establish a basic dataset of oral traditions (stories), vocabulary, and examples of cultural heritage relating to astronomical traditions. Using a combination of primarily ethno-historical documents and material culture, we explore the relationship between Aboriginal astronomical knowledge and cultural traditions, cosmology, natural resources, calendar development, law, ceremony, and material traditions. We conduct a thematic analysis of the collected information and place this within a larger framework of comparative analysis with other Aboriginal communities in south-eastern Australia in general. Tags: Indigenous Astronomy Date: 2023 Author/s: Goss, W. M., Hooker, C., Ekers, R. D., and Pawsey, J. L., Title: Joe Pawsey and the founding of Australian radio astronomy: early discoveries, from the sun to the cosmos. Book: Cham: Springer International Publishing. OCLC: 1363828567 Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023jpfa.book.....G Abstract: This open access book is a biography of Joseph L. Pawsey. It examines not only his life but the birth and growth of the field of radio astronomy and the state of science itself in twentieth century Australia. The book explains how an isolated continent with limited resources grew to be one of the leaders in the study of radio astronomy and the design of instruments to do so. Pawsey made a name for himself in the international astronomy community within a decade after WWII and coined the term radio astronomy. He recruited young scientists who became the technical and methodological innovators of the era, building new telescopes from the Mills Cross and Chris (Christiansen) Cross to the Parkes radio telescope… Tags: Biographies; Obituaries; Radio astronomy Date: 2023 Author/s: Lomb, N., Stevenson, T. Title: Eclipse Chasers Book: CSIRO Publishing Link: https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/8098/ Abstract: Eclipse Chasers is a guide to past and future Australian total solar eclipses, exploring historical and cultural knowledge... The science of eclipses is explained, as well as how to prepare for an eclipse and view it safely. For upcoming eclipses the best locations to view each one are revealed, alongside tips for taking photographs. The book also reveals untold stories of how past Australian astronomers observed the total eclipses that have occurred since European settlement, and how these eclipses were celebrated in popular culture, poetry and art. It explores the great significance of solar eclipses for First Nations peoples, and their observations and cultural meanings. Tags: Solar eclipses, astronomers, women in astronomy Date: 2023 Author: Stevenson, T. Title: Melbourne Observatory's Astrographic women: star measurers and computers Journal: Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 26, 2, p.p. 325-338. Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023JAHH...26..325S Abstract: In Australia a significant number of women were employed to measure, log and calculate the position of stars for the Astrographic Catalogue at Adelaide, Sydney, Melbourne and Perth Observatories…This paper provides a background to the social, legal and gender-specific barriers women faced and then focuses on the first women employed at Melbourne Observatory to measure the stars on glass plate negatives and calculate their relative positions. Charlotte Peel, Lillian Lewis, Muriel Heagney and Sarah Noonan, who worked for various periods of time on the Astrographic Catalogue between 1898 and 1918, are case studied… Tags: Women in astronomy, Observatories Date: 2022 Author: de Grijs, R. Title: Gravitational conundrum: confusing clock-rate measurements on the 'First Fleet' from England to Australia. Journal: Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 25, 4, p.p. 737-744. Link where available): https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022JAHH...25..737D Abstract: Voyages of exploration often included astronomers among their crew to aid with maritime navigation. William Dawes, a British Marine who had been trained in practical astronomy, was assigned to the 'First Fleet', a convoy of eleven ships that left England in May 1787 bound for Botany Bay (Sydney, Australia). Dawes was also expected to take measurements of the local gravitational acceleration, g, at any port of call by measuring the daily rate by which his Shelton pendulum clock differed from that at Greenwich, its calibration location. Although Dawes and Nevil Maskelyne, Britain's fifth Astronomer Royal, had planned to obtain clock-rate… Tags: Colonial Era (pre-1901) Date: 2021 Author/s: Graham, A. W., Kenyon, K. H., Bull, L. J., Lokuge Don, V. C., and Kuhlmann, K., Title: History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945–1969) Journal: Galaxies, 9, 2, article id. 24, 2021 Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Galax...9...24G Abstract: Radio astronomy commenced in earnest after World War II, with Australia keenly engaged through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. At this juncture, Australia's Commonwealth Solar Observatory expanded its portfolio from primarily studying solar phenomena to conducting stellar and extragalactic research. Subsequently, in the 1950s and 1960s, astronomy gradually became taught and researched in Australian universities. However, most scientific publications from this era of growth and discovery have no country of affiliation in their header information... In 2014, we used the then-new Astrophysics Data System (ADS) tool Bumblebee to overcome this challenge and track down the Australian-led astronomy papers published…after World War II, from 1945 until the lunar landing in 1969… Tags: Radio astronomy, Women in astronomy Date: 2020 Author: Lomb, N. Title: Australia and the International Astronomical Union: the 1973 Sydney general assembly Journal: Historical Records of Australian Science 31, 118-126. Link: https://doi.org/10.1071/HR20004 Abstract: Formed in 1919, the International Astronomical Union is the international body representing professional astronomers. Australia joined the union soon after its formation but, due to financial difficulties, dropped out for a few years until re-joining just before World War 2…After Australia’s bid to host a general assembly in 1967 or 1970 was unsuccessful, another bid was made for 1973. This second bid was accepted by the union’s executive council and confirmed in a letter from the union’s general secretary. The five years of planning and organisation for the assembly were made difficult by several external threats…Despite this and other problems, the 1973 general assembly was regarded as highly successful. Related website: https://asa.astronomy.org.au/ Tags: Astronomical Society of Australia Date: 2015 Author: Lomb, N. Title: How Astronomers Focused the Scope of their Discussions: The Formation of the Astronomical Society of Australia. Journal: Historical Records of Australian Science 26, 36-57. Link: https://doi.org/10.1071/HR14030 Abstract: Scientific societies provide an important forum for scientists to meet and exchange ideas. In the early days of European settlement in Australia the few people interested in the sciences joined together to form societies that embraced all their individual disciplines. From 1888 the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science with its different sections allowed a growing number of astronomers to share meetings only with researchers in the closely allied fields of mathematics and physics. Eventually, all three of these groups formed their own societies with the Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA) being the last in 1966… Related website: https://asa.astronomy.org.au/ Tags: Astronomical Society of Australia Date: 2014 Author: Stevenson, T. Title: Making Visible the First Women in Astronomy in Australia: The Measurers and Computers Employed for the Astrographic Catalogue Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 31. Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PASA...31...18S Abstract: In Australia a significant number of women were employed to measure and compute the position of stars for the Astrographic Catalogue at Adelaide, Sydney, Melbourne and Perth Observatories. New archival research has provided evidence that the first women employed in astronomy in Australia were engaged due to this project. Tags: Women in astronomy, Observatories Date: 2010 Author/s: Haynes, R., Haynes, R. D., Malin, D., and McGee, R., Title: Explorers of the Southern Sky Book: Cambridge University Press Link: https://www.cambridge.org/au/universitypress/subjects/physics/history-philosophy-and-foundations-physics/explorers-southern-sky-history-australian-astronomy Contents: 1. Dreaming the stars; 2. Sailing south for a new sky; 3. Astronomy in Sydney town; 4. The struggle for independence; 5. A bid for fame; 6. For love of the subject; 7. Astronomy on a national basis; 8. From swords to ploughshares; 9. Radio astronomy and the big telescopes; 10. Entrepreneurs in astronomy; 11. The advantage of latitude; 12. The high-energy frontier; 13. Diversity through innovation; 14. Optical astronomy goes high tech; 15. A telescope as wide as a continent; Glossary of abbreviations; Glossary of scientific and technical words; Bibliography; Tags: Observatories, Radio astronomy, Indigenous astronomy Date: 2010 Author: Watson, F. Title: Obituary: Sidney Charles Bartholomew 'Ben' Gascoigne (1915 - 2010). Journal: The Observatory Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Obs...130..274W Abstract: n/a Tags: Biographies, Obituaries Date: 2004 Author: Lomb, N. Title: The Instruments from Parramatta Observatory Journal: Historical Records of Australian Science, 15, 2, pp. 211-222 Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004HRAuS..15..211L Abstract: Sydney Observatory, Australia's oldest existing observatory, was built in 1858 on what is now called Observatory Hill. With such a long continuous history the Observatory has a good collection of astronomical instruments relating to its own history. Moreover, the collection extends further back to Parramatta Observatory, set up in 1821 by Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane. After the closure of that observatory in 1847 its instruments were retained in the colony and given to the fledgling Sydney Observatory on its establishment… This paper discusses the use of these instruments at Parramatta and their subsequent fate at Sydney Observatory. Related source: Powerhouse collection: https://collection.powerhouse.com.au/ Tags: Observatories, Colonial Era (pre-1901) Date: 2003 Author: Orchiston, W. Title: Passion and patronage: The Afro-Australian astronomy of Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes. Journal: Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa, vol. 62, p. 8, 2003. Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/scan/manifest/2003MNSSA..62....8O?art=true Date: 2000 Author: Utting, M Title: Astronomy in Western Australia Volume 3: 1940-1962 Published by the Perth Observatory ISBN 0-646-39450-9 Abstract: This book details the work of the Perth Observatory between 1940 and 1962 under the Government Astronomer Hyman Solomon Spigl. It details a torrid period of political, financial and societal changes where staffing levels were the lowest in the Observatory’s history. It’s culmination was Spigl’s death and the first to keep the Observatory open before its relocation from the CBD to the Perth Hills. Date: 1999 Author/s: Watson, F., Bell, R. Title: 25 years at the AAT. Journal: Astronomy Now, 13, pp. 22-25. Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AsNow..13...22W Abstract: n/a Tags: Observatories Date: 1994 Author: Edwards, P. G. Title: The Adelaide Observatory after Todd Journal: Astronomical Society of Australia, Proceedings, 11, 2, p.p. 206-210 Link: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PASA...11..206E Abstract: Charles Todd, who established the Adelaide Observatory on West Terrace in 1860, retired as Government Astronomer at the end of 1906. In 1908 the meteorological duties of the Observatory were taken over by the Commonwealth, and the Observatory lost most of its staff. Following the promotion of George Dodwell to the position of Government Astronomer in 1909, the Observatory was slowly re-established and undertook a range of astronomical and other work, which is described in detail in this paper. The Observatory was transferred to the University of Adelaide in 1940. Dodwell finished working as Government Astronomer in 1952. Tags: Observatories Date: 1993 Author: Edwards, P. G. Title: Charles Todd and the Adelaide Observatory Journal: Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 349 Link: 10.1017/S1323358000026023 Abstract: Charles Todd was the first Government Astronomer and Superintendent of Telegraphs in South Australia. Most widely known for his instrumental role in the construction of the Overland Telegraph, linking Australia and England, Todd also established the Adelaide Observatory and made valuable contributions to both astronomy and meteorology. Tags: Observatories Date: 1993 Author: Utting, M Title: Astronomy in Western Australia Volume 2: 1912-1940 Published by the Perth Observatory ISBN 0-86905-249-7 Abstract: This book details the work of the Perth Observatory between 1912 and 1940 under the Government Astronomer Harold Burham Curlewis. The main work of the Observatory at this time was the continuation of the Astrographic Catalogue including a catalogue on double stars. However, his surveying background saw him involved in defining the South Australian and Western Australian borders. The advent of the Great War & Depression was to bring its challenges. Date: 1992 Author: Utting, M Title: Astronomy in Western Australia Volume 1: 1896-1912 Published by the Perth Observatory ISBN 0-7309-5438-2 Abstract: This book details the work of the Perth Observatory between its foundation in 1896 and 1912 under Western Australia’s first Government Astronomer, William Ernest Cooke. The initial work of the Observatory was meteorology. By 1901, the Observatory accepted zones within the Astrographic Catalogue project which would become its primary work, although time, tides, seismology, teaching of surveying & geodesy and weather were factored into its workload where time permitted. Date: 1991 Author: Utting, M Title: Windows to the Southern Skies Published by Murdoch University and the Perth Observatory, Western Australia Abstract: This 40-page booklet covers early astronomy in Western Australia including European visitors, British settlement and the move for the Perth Observatory’s foundation. Date: 1989 Author: Utting, M Title: Cooke’s Perth Observatory Published by the Government Printer, Western Australia Abstract: This 22-page booklet was the first publication by the Observatory’s Honorary Historian detailing aspects of its foundation and first Government Astronomer William Ernest Cooke. Date: 1988 Author: Orchiston, W. Title: Illuminating Incidents in Antipodean Astronomy - Phillip Parker King and the Founding of Sydney Observatory Published by Vistas in Astronomy, vol. 32, no. 3, Elsevier, pp. 285–301, 1988. Link: doi:10.1016/0083-6656(88)90413-8.

Speaker: Stephanie Rossini-Bryson is a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney researching the next generation of interferometers This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Link to the 16 minute YouTube recording: https://youtu.be/pRW9R00PyD8 Abstract: In the 1960s, on a dusty plain near Narrabri in northern New South Wales, Australia became home to one of the most ambitious astronomy experiments of its time: the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer. Built by Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Twiss, this instrument determined the angular diameters of hot main-sequence stars, which helped refine our understanding of stellar lives and temperatures. But beyond its astronomical findings, the story of the Narrabri interferometer is one of persistence and creativity of scientists building world-leading instruments in the Australian bush. It marked a turning point in physics, sparking debates about the nature of light and laying the groundwork for the field of quantum optics. This presentation revisits the creation, achievements, and lasting influence of the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer. Bio: Stephanie Rossini-Bryson is a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney researching the next generation of interferometers, specifically the GLINT instrument at the Subaru telescope in Hawai’i. Alongside her research, she works at Sydney Observatory, blending her passion for astronomy and public outreach to make the universe accessible to everyone.

Centre: Louise Webster (Storey and Faulkner, 1991), all other photos courtesy Nick Lomb, except top centre courtesy Powerhouse. Our second annual workshop will be held on Wednesday 18 November 2025, 2pm to 4:30pm AEDT (UTC+11). It is open to members and non-members of the ASA and the Chapter and is free of charge. If you have research you want to share now is the time to let us know! Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA)'s History of Australian Astronomy Chapter (HAAC) members are invited to submit an abstract to present a 15-minute paper (plus brief questions) online, on an aspect of Australian astronomical history. We are seeking papers that will spark discussion, bring new or lesser-known histories to the fore. The chapter's Steering Committee will select the three most suitable papers. Others may be kept in mind for future webinars. Submissions close at 5pm, 20 August 2026. To submit please send an email to secretary.asa.haac@gmail.com with the following information and within the advised word count: Your name: title (if appropriate), forename, surname Organisation or independent researcher: Title: (max 12 words) Abstract: (max 150 words) Short Bio: (max 100 words) Submissions close at 5pm, 20 August 2026.

Total solar eclipse in Exmouth, Western Australia, 2023 (Photo: Toner Stevenson). This free webinar will be held on Wednesday 14 October, 3.00pm – 4.45pm AEDT (UTC+11). The four speakers will examine historic solar eclipses and the Australia Wide Eclipse that will occur in 2028. The event is organised by the Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA)'s History of Australian Astronomy Chapter (HAAC) in collaboration with the ASA Eclipse Working Group, and open to members and non-members of the ASA and the Chapter. Program: Each speaker will present for approximately 15 minutes, with a few minutes after for questions. Nick Lomb: A Tale of two Cities: Sydney 1857 and Melbourne 1976. Fred Watson: Proof of Einstein's General Relativity. Melissa Hulbert: Observing the 2002, 2012 and 2023 total solar eclipses. Kirsten Banks: Aspirations for the 2028 eclipse. It is essential to register to attend on-line, and/or to receive recordings after the event. Once you register you will receive a confirmation and a Zoom link will be provided the day before the workshop. All who register will receive information about how to download the recorded talks after the event.

This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Speaker: Kerrie Dougherty OAM is Senior Heritage and Outreach officer at the Australian Space Agency. Link to the 16 minute YouTube recording: https://youtu.be/zStoBzmLM1E Abstract: To support US satellite projects for the International Geophysical Year, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) created a global optical tracking network using Baker-Nunn telescope cameras. Their narrow field of view made it difficult to locate satellites that were barely visible to the naked eye, so the SAO enlisted amateur astronomers to spot satellites and report sightings, guiding the Baker-Nunn observatories toward precise tracking—an initiative called Operation Moonwatch. Four of the initial five Moonwatch groups in Australia were formed by local astronomical societies. This presentation explores their vital role, with teams contributing key observations of early satellites, including several spotting firsts and tracking re-entering satellites. Bio: Dr Kerrie Dougherty OAM is Senior Heritage and Outreach officer at the Australian Space Agency. She is a space historian, curator, educator and outreach specialist. The author of Australia in Space, Kerrie is a Member of the International Academy of Astronautics, and lectures in the International Space University’s Space Humanities Department.

Speaker: Duane Hamacher, Associate Professor of Cultural Astronomy in the School of Physics and Director of the Cultural & Indigenous Astronomy Program at the University of Melbourne. This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Link to the 16 minute YouTube recording: https://youtu.be/MrI0M9matwE Abstract: Over the last 20 years, research and collaboration in Indigenous Astronomy has evolved significantly. The protocols and processes have changed and we have learned a great deal about how to better engage with research scholarship, outcomes, and outputs, though there is still much to learn. From previous lessons, we can start to develop a new framework to research and engagement that better adheres to de-colonial practices, changing misconceptions, benefiting community outcomes, and addressing many of the challenging issues we face today. There is not always an easy answer, but we must continue to grapple with the dynamic variables that alter what we do, why we do it and who this work benefits. In this talk, I will take a deep dive into discussing these issues with a focus on addressing the misconceptions and misinformation about researching and teaching Indigenous ways of knowing in universities and the public sphere, challenging the pervasive but flawed "science vs myth" narrative. Bio: Duane Hamacher is Associate Professor of Cultural Astronomy in the School of Physics and Director of the Cultural & Indigenous Astronomy Program at the University of Melbourne. He studies humanity's connection to the stars in terms of culture, history, science and society, from ancient pasts to space futures.

This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Link to the 16 minute YouTube recording: https://youtu.be/GcCqDp7uvC8 Speaker: Dr Martin George, Principal Astronomer at Hive in Ulverstone, Tasmania. Abstract: Pioneering radio astronomer Grote Reber (1911-2002) is famous for his construction of the world’s first purpose-built radio telescope in 1937 in the USA, which resulted in a radio map of the sky at the frequency of 160 MHz. However, he later took a great interest in work at much lower frequencies. Beginning in 1954, Reber spent much of his life in Tasmania, where he had learned that ionospheric conditions were more suitable for this work. After initially working with Graeme Ellis (who was later appointed as Chair of Physics at the University of Tasmania), he went on independently of Ellis and other University researchers to build antenna arrays near the Tasmanian towns of Kempton and, more significantly, Bothwell. At the latter site, he gathered data that enabled him to construct a radio map of the southern sky at the frequency of 2.085 MHz. Bio: Dr Martin George is Principal Astronomer at Hive in Ulverstone. He is passionate about public communication of astronomy, being well known in the media and making frequent appearances on radio and television since 1973 to discuss astronomy and space research. A major interest of Martin is astronomical history; he has written several papers about Tasmanian low-frequency radio astronomy.

This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Link to the 16 minute YouTube recording: https://youtu.be/6wo1dsWtXg0 Speaker: Fred Watson AM, honorary professor of astronomy advocacy and engagement at Macquarie University. Abstract: Following the development of low-loss optical fibres by Corning in 1970, it was Roger Angel of the University of Arizona who first highlighted their astronomical possibilities and developed experimental multiobject spectroscopy systems for the Steward Observatory. In Australia, David Carter (Anglo-Australian Observatory) and Richard Ellis (Durham) quickly recognised the technique’s enormous potential for the 3.9metre Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). Under the engineering leadership of Peter Gray, a series of successful multi-fibre systems was introduced from 1981, evolving by the mid-1990s into the robotic 2dF (2-degree field) system. By 2005, 2dF had completed the ground-breaking 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and remains the flagship multi-object instrument on the AAT today. In parallel with these developments, wide-field multi-fibre systems were introduced on the neighbouring 1.2-metre UK Schmidt Telescope by the author, culminating in 6dF (6degree field, 2001), which yielded an enduring legacy with the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and Radial Velocity Survey of half a million stars (RAVE). A subsequent development on the Schmidt was the innovative technology demonstrator TAIPAN (2020), while an investigation into the possibilities of waveguide devices by the author in 1995 helped to pave the way for the science of astrophotonics in which several Australian universities are today world-class players. Bio: Fred Watson AM is an honorary professor of astronomy advocacy and engagement at Macquarie University. From 2018 to 2024, he was the Australian Government’s first Astronomer-at-Large, having served for the previous 20 years as the Astronomer-in-Charge of the former AAO. He led several projects in advanced astronomical instrumentation and spectroscopic surveys and today is actively involved in both the history and future of Australian astronomy.

Photographs of sites connected to the history of astronomy by Nick Lomb Anniversaries offer the opportunity to remember and reflect on the past, what has changed and what have we preserved or adopted long-term. The following anniversaries are intended to stimulate interest in Australian astronomical events that occurred 25 or more years ago in quarter century increments. Anniversaries can have different meanings for those who experienced them or for the consequences of the event. Not all are celebrations. If you would like to contribute please send the date and one line of text (similar to that below) to the HAAC secretary. 2026 1 August 1926 - Dismissal of William Ernest Cooke as government astronomer for NSW In 1926 Walter Duffield moved into Mt Stromlo and observational work began 23 October 1976 - Total solar eclipse passing through Ballarat and Melbourne (50 year anniversary) 6th November 1901, the commencement of the Astrographic catalogue at the Perth Observatory (125 year anniversary) 2027 10th March 1977, the co-discovery of the rings of Uranus at the Perth Observatory (50 year anniversary) 2028 24 May 1978, The Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium was officially opened (50 year anniversary) 2029 In 1929 Mt Stromlo solar observatory Director Walter Duffield died suddenly. He was not replaced for 10 years. 2030 1930 Adelaide Observatory was relinquished by the State and taken over by Adelaide University. Find out more here. 2031 2032 2033 The greatly modified Great Melbourne telescope commenced operation at Mt Stromlo in 1958. (75 year anniversary) 2034 12 September 2009 - From Earth to Universe exhibition for the International Year of Astronomy opened at the Powerhouse Museum, Ultimo. (25 year anniversary) 2035 2036 16th April 1986, The discovery of Cyanogen jets in comet Halley, changing comet theories of the time (50 year anniversary) 31 October 1961 the Parkes radio Telescope was inaugurated. (75 year anniversary) 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 30th September 1966, the Anniversary of the laying of the 2nd Perth Observatory Foundation Stone at Bickley in Perth hills (75 year anniversary) 2042 2043 2044 2045 4th August 1970, the first minor planet discovered at the Perth Observatory in Bickley, MP 2993 Wendy. Discovered by Mr. P. Birch, Astronomer at the Perth Observatory and named after his wife (75 year anniversary) 2046 8th April 1971, the start of the International Planetary Patrol Program (IPPP) at the Perth Observatory. A NASA funded project who's goal was the continual collection of images and data on the large-scale atmospheric and surface features of solar system planets, most notably Mars, Jupiter and Venus (75 year anniversary) 29th September 1896, the Anniversary of the laying of the Perth Observatory Foundation Stone at Mt Eliza on the outskirts of the City (150 year anniversary)

This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. You can click on the image above or here for the Link to the 15 minute YouTube recording: Speaker: Toner Stevenson, History research affiliate with The University of Sydney. Abstract: This presentation illustrates and critically examines how women, who were involved in astronomy, have been missed, forgotten or lacked acknowledgement through three examples. There are obvious reasons why there were fewer opportunities for women to have a career in astronomy, such as workplace law, but there were other less visible barriers that emerge in the individual stories. The first woman case studied is Margie Arnold, who worked for John Tebbutt as a ‘computer’ at Windsor Observatory. Questions about the agency of the astrographic star measurers and computers are examined through the work of Perth Observatory astrographic assistant Prudence Valentine Williams. How University of Sydney physicist Edna Dorothy Sayce’s contribution to solar research in 1922 was acknowledged illustrates a common issue with attribution. In the conclusion, I discuss why the inclusion of the ‘hidden figures’ is important in the history of astronomy. Bio: Dr Toner Stevenson is a History research affiliate with The University of Sydney. She researches the history of astronomy in Australia, in particular, the contribution of women. Her museum career includes Sydney Observatory, the Powerhouse Ultimo and the Natural History Museum, London. She managed the school of Humanities at the University of Sydney until 2024.

This presentation was delivered at the first HAAC seminar, 19 November 2025. Click on the image or here for the link to the 16 minute YouTube recording. Speakers: Mark Rigby OAM, Past Curator, Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium, and Tom Harradine, Independent Researcher and amateur astronomer Abstract: Parramatta Observatory was Australia’s first dedicated astronomical facility, quickly gaining international recognition with the recovery of comet Encke in 1822 - the first since Halley’s comet in 1758. This presentation introduces NSW Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane, who funded and established the observatory, and explores his legacy as a key figure in the development of organised science in Australia. Drawing on archival sources and site visits, it brings to life the observatory’s daily operations during Brisbane’s governorship, highlighting the value of revisiting primary sources, examining in detail original observational records, and visualising this historical information. Bio: Mark Rigby OAM was Curator of the Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium until retiring in 2021. He has promoted astronomy and space exploration through media work and 36 years at Brisbane’s planetarium. His interest in Sir Thomas Brisbane led to visits to relevant sites in Australia and Scotland, and involvement in naming minor planet Brisbane. Bio: Tom Harradine is an independent researcher and amateur astronomer focussed on Sir Thomas Brisbane and the Parramatta Observatory, with particular attention to the original observational records. He seeks to broaden public awareness and education, and to support efforts that preserve and interpret Brisbane’s observatory sites in both Australia and Scotland.